Simple Present Tense

Teks report (laporan) bertujuan untuk menyajikan informasi umum tentang suatu subjek, seperti hewan, fenomena alam, atau benda. Oleh karena itu, tenses yang paling umum digunakan adalah Simple Present Tense karena menjelaskan fakta umum dan kebiasaan atau ciri-ciri yang bersifat permanen. Simple present tense digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta umum, kebiasaan, atau karakteristik dari suatu hal (misalnya hewan, tumbuhan, benda, atau fenomena alam).

Teks report menjelaskan sesuatu apa adanya — bersifat informatif, bukan naratif.

1. Pola Kalimat Simple Present Tense

Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk:

 * Fakta umum atau kebenaran universal.

 * Kebiasaan atau rutinitas.

 * Ciri-ciri atau sifat permanen.

A. Kalimat Verbal (Menggunakan Kata Kerja)

Positive (+) : Subject + Verb 1 (s/es) + Object/Complement

Negative (-) : Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1 + Object/Complement

Interrogative (?) : Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1 + Object/Complement + ?

Contoh
A cat has four legs.
A cat does not eat vegetables.
Does a cat drink milk?

Subject	(+)   Positive	(-) Negative	(?) Interrogative
He, She, It, atau satu nama/benda	V1 +s/es	Does not + V1	Does +S+ V1?
I, You, We, They, atau lebih dari satu nama/benda	V1	Do not + V1	Do+ S+V1?

Example:

1. A tiger lives in the forest.
   (Seekor harimau hidup di hutan.)
2. It eats meat.
   (Ia memakan daging.)
3. Tigers have strong bodies and sharp teeth.
   (Harimau memiliki tubuh yang kuat dan gigi yang tajam.)
4. A whale breathes through its blowhole.
   (Seekor paus bernapas melalui lubang di kepalanya.)
5. Elephants use their trunks to drink water.
   (Gajah menggunakan belalainya untuk minum air.)
6. Birds lay eggs.
   (Burung bertelur.)
7. A cat likes to chase mice.
   (Kucing suka mengejar tikus.)

B. Kalimat Nominal (Menggunakan To Be)

Positive (+) : Subject + is/am/are + Complement non-verb
Negative (-) : Subject + is/am/are + not + Complement non-verb
Interrogative (?) : Is/Am/Are + Subject + Complement non-verb ?

Example: 

A cat is a mammal.
A cat is not a reptile.
Is a cat a reptile? No, itsn’t

Non-verb bisa berupa Noun (kata benda), Adjective (kata sifat), atau Adverb (kata keterangan). 

Pemakaian To Be:

 * Is: He, She, It, Subjek Tunggal.

 * Am: I.

 * Are: You, We, They, Subjek Jamak.

2. Contoh dalam Teks Report tentang Animals

Berikut adalah contoh penggunaan Simple Present Tense dalam teks report mengenai Gajah (Elephants). Perhatikan kalimat-kalimat yang menggunakan pola Simple Present Tense, baik verbal maupun nominal.

Teks Report: Elephants

General Classification:

Elephants are the largest land animals on Earth. They are also one of the most intelligent species. They belong to the family Elephantidae.

Description:

An elephant has a massive body, large ears, and a long trunk. The trunk is an extended nose used for breathing, drinking, and grasping objects. Elephants are herbivores, meaning they eat only plants. They primarily consume grasses, leaves, and fruits. An adult elephant needs to drink around 200 liters of water every day. Elephants live in large herds guided by the oldest female member. They have an average lifespan of 60 to 70 years.

Example:

| 1. | Elephants are the largest land animals.

| 2. | They belong to the family Elephantidae. 

| 3. | An elephant has a massive body.

| 4. | The trunk is an extended nose.

| 5. | Elephants are herbivores.

| 6. | They eat only plants. 

| 7. | An adult elephant needs to drink.

| 8. | Elephants live in large herds.

Kesimpulan:

Dalam teks report tentang hewan, Simple Present Tense sangat dominan karena seluruh isi teks berfokus pada penyampaian fakta, ciri-ciri, dan kebiasaan umum dari hewan tersebut.