Assalamu'alaikum Wr Wb
Hi everyone. How's life? Pada kesempatan ini saya ingin menyampaikan materi tentang Present prefect tense. Selamat membaca.
Pengertian Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense adalah suatu tense yang menggambarkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi sebelum satu spesifik waktu di masa lalu tetapi masih berlanjut sampai sekarang. Tense ini terdiri dari gabungan aspek perfect (sebelum satu spesifik waktu di masa lampau) dan bingkai waktu present (masa sekarang).
Selain itu, tense ini juga bisa menggambarkan suatu kejadian yang dimulai dan berakhir di masa lampau tetapi efeknya masih dirasakan sampai saat sekarang. Lebih singkatnya, tense ini digunakan sebagai penghubung antara masa lalu dan masa sekarang.
Rumus Present Perfect Tense
Subject + have/has + Verb 3 (past participle) (+)
Subject + have/has + not + Verb 3 (Past participle) (-)
Have/Has + Subject + verb 3 (past participle) (?)
Subyek he,she, it menggunakan has
Subject they, we you, dan I menggunakan have
Example :
· I have done so much in my life.
· You have gone to school.
· He has already arrived in America.
Penggunaan Present Perfect Tense
Kita telah mengetahui pengertian dan rumus present perfect tense. Untuk bisa menggunakan dan mengenalinya dengan tepat, kita juga harus memahami penggunaannya, yaitu sebagai berikut:
Penggunaan
Contoh Kalimat
a) Untuk menjelaskan suatu kejadian yang dimulai pada masa lampau (past) dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.
· We have lived in New York for three years.
· She has studied in Melbourne since two years ago.
Kedua kejadian tersebut dimulai pada masa lampau dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang. Artinya, We masih tinggal di New York dan She masih belajar di Melbourne sampai saat ini.
b) Untuk menjelaskan kejadian yang dimulai dan berakhir di masa lampau dan efeknya masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.
· I have tasted the cake
· Alan has lied to all of us
Kedua kejadian tersebut dimulai dan berakhir di masa lampau dan efeknya masih bisa dirasakan sampai sekarang. Artinya, I masih bisa merasakan rasa kue tersebut meskipun sudah mencicipinya pada masa lalu. Dan, kebohongan Alan masih bisa dirasakan meskipun Alan berbohong pada masa lalu juga. Jadi, gunakan present perfect tense.
c) Untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi berulang kali di masa lampau.
· Alex has called you five times
· I have read the book several times
Semua kejadian tersebut merupakan kejadian yang terjadi berulang kali di masa lampau. Biasanya menggunakan adverb of number.
d) Untuk mengungkapkan kejadian yang baru saja terjadi atau dilakukan.
· My father has just gone to the office.
· They have just announced the winner.
Semua kejadian tersebut baru saja terjadi. Biasanya kata adverb just digunakan untuk tujuan ini.
For dan Since
Perhatikan beberapa contoh kalimat pada Buku Paket Bahasa Inggris Kelas 9 “Think Globally Act Locally” yang menggunakan pola kalimat Present Perfect Tense :
1. She has been anorphan for eight years,but she’s lived in the orphanage for only six years now.
2. They both have passed away.
3. My sister has just been to an orphanage,too.
4. I have visited the orphanage five times so far.
5. I have never been to an orphanage even once.
6. Our class has never had a program for children in an orphane home.
7. She has participated very actively in the group’s activities.
8. That’s amazing. I’ve never thought of that before.
9. They have made handicrafts and sold them.
10. They have done one thing for the street children poor families.
Pada kalimat present perfect tense, keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan adalah for dan since. Penjelasannya adalah sebagai berikut:
For ( selama) :Digunakan untuk menunjukkan berapa lama periode waktu berlangsung. · For dapat dihilangkan dalam suatu kalimat present perfect tense karena keterangan waktu ini masih bisa dimengerti meskipun tidak disertai dalam kalimat.
Contoh kalimat:
I have lived in New York for five years. (Saya sudah tinggal selama 5 tahun)
(+) He has worked here (for) several years.
(-) He has not worked here (for) several years.
(?) (For) how long has he worked here?
· Ada beberapa kata kerja yang tidak bisa digunakan bersamaan dengan kata for, seperti:
began arrive meet end leave stop
She arrived in New York three years ago.
Since : Digunakan untuk menunjukkan kapan suatu periode waktu dimulai. · Since tidak dapat dihilangkan dalam kalimat present perfect tense karena bisa menghilangkan fungsi keterangan waktu itu sendiri dan makna kalimat.
Contoh kalimat:
I have lived in New York since five years ago.(saya mulai tinggal di New York sejak lima tahun yang lalu).
(+) He has worked here since June.
BUKAN: He has worked here June.
(-) He has not worked since June
Bukan: He has not worked June.
Silahkan menyimak video berikut ini untuk lebih memahami penggunaan present perfect tense yang sudah disampaikan di atas.
Berikut saya daftarkan beberapa Regular verbs (Kata
kerja beraturan) yang sering dipakai dan berkaitan dengan tense present tense, past tense dan perfect.
No. |
V 1 (present) |
V2 (Past) |
V3 (perfect) |
Meaning (Artinya) |
1 |
achieve |
achieved |
achieved |
Mencapai |
2 |
across |
acrossed |
acrossed |
Melintasi |
3 |
beg |
begged |
begged |
Memohon/meminta |
4 |
blame |
blamed |
blamed |
Menyalahkan |
5 |
Call |
Called |
Called |
Menelpon/memanggil |
6 |
calculate |
calculated |
calculated |
Menghitung |
7 |
Cry |
cried |
cried |
Menangis |
8 |
drag |
dragged |
draged |
menyeret |
9 |
examine |
examined |
examined |
memeriksa |
10 |
excel |
excelled |
excelled |
mengungguli |
11 |
filter |
filtered |
filtered |
menyaring |
12 |
gaze |
gazed |
gazed |
memandang |
13 |
guide |
guided |
guided |
Menuntun/memandu |
14 |
handle |
handled |
handled |
Menangani |
15 |
Help |
Helped |
Helped |
Membantu/menolong |
16 |
Imitate |
Imitated |
Imitated |
meniru |
17 |
invite |
invited |
invited |
mengundang |
18 |
isolate |
isolated |
isolated |
mengasingkan |
19 |
jog |
jogged |
jogged |
Berlari pelan |
20 |
jump |
jumped |
jumped |
melompat |
21 |
kick |
kicked |
kicked |
menendang |
22 |
knock |
knocked |
knocked |
mengetuk |
23 |
kill |
killed |
killed |
membunuh |
24 |
launch |
launched |
launched |
meluncurkan |
25 |
lock |
locked |
locked |
mengunci |
26 |
look |
looked |
looked |
melihat |
27 |
mix |
mixed |
mixed |
mencampurkan |
28 |
maintain |
maintained |
maintained |
memelihara |
29 |
nurse |
nursed |
nursed |
merawat |
30 |
obey |
obeyed |
obeyed |
mematuhi |
31 |
occur |
occured |
occured |
terjadi |
32 |
open |
opened |
opened |
membuka |
33 |
offer |
offered |
offered |
menawarkan |
34 |
phone |
Phoned |
phoned |
menelpon |
35 |
pull |
Pulled |
pulled |
menarik |
36 |
push |
pushed |
pushed |
mendorong |
37 |
quake |
quaked |
quaked |
bergoncang |
38 |
quote |
quoted |
quoted |
mengutip |
39 |
quiz |
quizzed |
quizzed |
menguji |
40 |
repair |
repaired |
repaired |
memperbaiki |
41 |
reply |
replied |
replied |
Menjawab/membalas |
42 |
rub |
rubbed |
rubbed |
menggosok |
43 |
spray |
sprayed |
sprayed |
menyemprotkan |
44 |
stop |
stopped |
stopped |
menghentikan |
45 |
talk |
talked |
talked |
berbicara |
46 |
travel |
travelled |
travelled |
bepergian |
47 |
type |
typed |
typed |
mengetik |
48 |
train |
trained |
trained |
melatih |
49 |
unplug |
unpluged |
unpluged |
Mencabut steker |
50 |
update |
updated |
updated |
memperbarui |
51 |
use |
used |
used |
menggunakan |
52 |
Visit |
Visited |
Visited |
mengunjuni |
53 |
vote |
voted |
voted |
memilih |
54 |
wait |
waited |
waited |
menunggu |
55 |
walk |
walked |
walked |
berjalan |
56 |
wash |
washed |
washed |
mencuci |
57 |
watch |
watched |
watched |
menonton |
58 |
worry |
Worried |
worried |
Mencemaskan |
59 |
yell |
yelled |
yelled |
berteriak |
60 |
zoom |
zoomed |
zoomed |
Meningkatkan/memperbesar |
untuk reguler verbs V2 (past tense) dan V3 (prefect tense) cukup tambahkan ed/d setelah kata kerja 1 (present tense)
Irregular verbs
(Kata Kerja Tidak Beraturan). Pola yang tidak beraturan mengharuskan kita menghafal atau sering membacanya sehingga menjadi mudah diingat.
No. |
V 1 (present) |
V2 (Past) |
V3 (perfect) |
Meaning (Artinya) |
1 |
awake |
awoke |
Awoke/awaked |
membangunkan |
2 |
Be(is, am, are) |
Was,were |
been |
ada |
3 |
become |
became |
become |
menjadi |
4 |
begin |
began |
begun |
mulai |
5 |
burn |
Burnt/burned |
Burnt/burned |
membakar |
6 |
buy |
bought |
bought |
membeli |
7 |
come |
came |
come |
datang |
8 |
cut |
cut |
Cut |
memotong |
9 |
dig |
dug |
dug |
menggali |
10 |
do |
did |
done |
Melakukan/mengerjakan |
11 |
draw |
drew |
drawn |
menggambar |
12 |
dream |
dreamt |
dreamt |
bermimpi |
13 |
drink |
drank |
drunk |
minum |
14 |
drive |
drove |
driven |
mengendarai |
15 |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
makan |
16 |
fall |
fell |
fallen |
jatuh |
17 |
feel |
felt |
felt |
merasa |
18 |
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
melupakan |
19 |
forgive |
forgave |
forgiven |
memaafkan |
20 |
get |
got |
Got/gotten |
Menjadi, mendapat |
21 |
give |
ave |
given |
memberikan |
22 |
go |
went |
gone |
pergi |
23 |
grow |
grew |
grown |
tumbuh,menjadi |
24 |
Have/has |
had |
had |
mempunyai |
25 |
keep |
kept |
kept |
Menjaga/menyimpan |
26 |
know |
knew |
known |
mengetahui |
27 |
lay |
laid |
laid |
Menaruh |
28 |
learn |
learnt |
leant |
belajar |
29 |
leave |
left |
left |
meninggalka |
30 |
meet |
met |
met |
bertemu |
31 |
melt |
melted |
Melted/molten |
melarutkan |
32 |
overcome |
overcame |
overcome |
mengatasi |
33 |
pay |
paid |
paid |
membayar |
34 |
put |
put |
put |
meletakkan ya |
35 |
read |
read |
read |
membaca |
36 |
say |
said |
said |
mengatakan |
37 |
see |
saw |
seen |
melihat |
38 |
sell |
sold |
sold |
|
39 |
send |
set |
sent |
mengirim |
40 |
shine |
shone |
shone |
bersinar |
41 |
shut |
shut |
shut |
menutup |
42 |
sing |
sang |
sung |
menyanyi |
43 |
sit |
sat |
sat |
duduk |
44 |
sleep |
slept |
slept |
tidur |
45 |
Stand |
stood |
stood |
berdiri |
46 |
steal |
stole |
stolen |
mencuri |
47 |
stick |
stuck |
stuck |
melekatkan |
48 |
sting |
stung |
stung |
menyengat |
49 |
swear |
swore |
sworen |
bersumpah |
50 |
sweep |
swept |
swept |
menyapu |
51 |
swim |
swam |
swum |
berenang |
52 |
take |
took |
taken |
mengambil |
53 |
teach |
taught |
taught |
mengajar |
54 |
tell |
told |
told |
menceritakan |
55 |
tear |
tore |
torn |
menyobek |
56 |
think |
thouht |
thought |
berpikir |
57 |
undo |
undid |
undone |
membatalkan |
58 |
wake |
woke |
woken |
bangun |
59 |
withdraw |
withdrew |
withdrawn |
Menarik, mencabut |
60 |
write |
wrote |
written |
menulis |
NOTE:
Pola yang tidak beraturan mengharuskan kita menghafal atau sering membacanya sehingga menjadi mudah diingat.
OK sekian dulu materi pada kesempatan kali ini. Untuk latihan soal present perfect tense bisa kalian klik di sini Semoga bermanfaat.
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